A new portable device developed by Rutgers University researchers promises to revolutionize genetic testing, offering faster, cheaper, and more accessible diagnostics for various diseases. This advancement holds significant benefits for humanity by enabling early detection and treatment of genetic conditions.
The device, developed by engineers at Rutgers University-New Brunswick, can detect rare genetic mutations from a single drop of blood. The study, published in Communications Engineering of the Nature Publishing Group, focused on a genetic condition called hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. This condition can lead to heart problems. Early detection is crucial because treatments are available.
The device works by amplifying nucleic acid segments and detecting mutations using a microchip. The process combines allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) with electrical impedance. ASPCR is a specialized form of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a lab technique used to amplify copies of specific DNA segments. Electrical impedance measures how the DNA samples affect the flow of electricity in microfluidic chips. These chips differentiate DNA sequences from blood samples.
The researchers tested their method on samples from six patients and accurately identified the presence of the mutation. The device aims to bring the performance and accuracy of PCR testing, typically confined to laboratories, into doctors' offices, homes, and community centers. This technology could make genetic testing as accessible as using a glucometer, particularly for those with limited access to advanced medical care.
The versatility, speed, and potential for cost-effective and portable diagnostics make this technique promising for detecting various diseases. Researchers are working on improving the technique's sensitivity and expanding its capabilities to detect multiple mutations simultaneously. This could lead to comprehensive diagnostic tools for screening a wide range of diseases using a single test. The ultimate goal is to combine the ASPCR process and electric detection directly on the microchip.
This innovation offers significant value to people and society by improving healthcare accessibility and enabling early disease detection. The ability to quickly and affordably identify genetic mutations can lead to earlier interventions, improved patient outcomes, and a better quality of life for individuals and communities worldwide.