Neanderthal Genes and Modern Muscle: A Popular Science Breakthrough

Scientists have made a fascinating discovery about our ancient ancestors and how their genes still impact us today. Research shows that a gene variant inherited from Neanderthals affects muscle function in modern humans. This finding is a true breakthrough, offering new insights into human health and athletic potential. The study focused on a variant of the *AMPD1* gene, which influences an enzyme essential for muscle energy production. This Neanderthal variant reduces the enzyme's activity, which can significantly impact how muscles function. Laboratory tests revealed a 25% decrease in enzyme activity in proteins with the Neanderthal variant, and up to an 80% reduction in genetically modified mice. This variant, present in all sequenced Neanderthals, entered the modern human gene pool through interbreeding around 50,000 years ago. Furthermore, the research examined the impact on athletic performance. Individuals with reduced *AMPD1* function are less likely to become elite athletes. A study of over a thousand athletes revealed that carrying the non-functional gene variant decreased the chance of top athletic performance by half. This discovery is a significant step forward in understanding the complex interplay between our ancient genetic heritage and our physical capabilities.