Scientists are gaining new insights into the evolution of vision by studying the genome of the jellyfish-like organism, Bougainvillia cf. muscus. This research, led by Aide Macias-Muñoz and her team, offers a unique perspective on how eyes have evolved independently in different species.
The team sequenced the genome of Bougainvillia, which possesses 28 eyes, and published their findings in the journal G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. They identified 20 opsins, the light-sensitive proteins crucial for vision, a significantly higher number than the four found in humans. This discovery suggests that Bougainvillia uses a distinct genetic pathway for vision compared to other species. Jellyfish eyes, like those of Bougainvillia, are simple structures, often consisting of a light-sensitive pigment and a lens. Some jellyfish species have eyes that can detect the direction of light, while others can even form images. The number and complexity of jellyfish eyes vary greatly depending on the species and their lifestyle.
This research is important because it helps us understand how complex organs like eyes evolve. The Macias-Muñoz lab is continuing its research by exploring the roles of vision-related genes and eye regeneration. This work could lead to new treatments for eye diseases and provide valuable insights into the broader processes of evolution.