Nonviral Gene Delivery Achieves Transgenic Primates: A Breakthrough for Human Disease Research

Researchers in Japan have successfully introduced a transgene into cynomolgus [sahy-nuh-MOL-guhs] monkeys using a nonviral system, marking a significant advancement in genetic engineering. Published in *Nature Communications*, the study overcomes limitations of virus-based methods, which require specialized facilities and have size constraints for transgenes. The team employed a piggyBac [PIH-gee-bak] transposon system, utilizing DNA sequences that can change positions within a genome to integrate genetic material into the host's DNA. This method allows for greater flexibility in transgene size and enables embryo screening before implantation, increasing the efficiency of producing genetically modified animals. The resulting cynomolgus monkeys exhibited widespread expression of fluorescent reporter genes, with red fluorescent protein localized to cell membranes and green fluorescent protein to cell nuclei. Expression was confirmed across examined tissues, including germ cells, indicating stable transgene integration. Dr. Tomoyuki Tsukiyama [too-moh-YOO-kee tsoo-kee-YAH-mah], the project lead, stated, "Our research represents a milestone in the field of genetic engineering." Future plans include expanding the system for multiplex gene expression and precise transgene control, along with integrating epigenetic data to better understand gene expression regulation.