Scientists at Caltech, led by Paul Rothemund, have developed a novel method using DNA origami to detect proteins in bodily fluids. This technique could eliminate the need for lab testing, expediting diagnostics. The research, published in *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*, uses DNA's self-assembly properties to create nanoscale structures.
The team engineered a lilypad-like structure anchored to a gold electrode, equipped with up to 70 redox-active reporter molecules. When a target molecule binds, the lilypad moves toward the electrode, generating an electrical signal proportional to the analyte's concentration.
This DNA origami structure enhances sensitivity and accommodates larger biomolecules, adapting to various targets without redesign. Researchers demonstrated the system's versatility by detecting proteins like platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB). The sensors can be reused multiple times, offering cost-effectiveness. According to Caltech's Guareschi, the modular design allows quick reconfiguration for detecting new molecules. Future applications include proteomic studies for determining protein concentrations, potentially enabling rapid diagnostic tests. The research was supported by institutions including the Army Research Office and the National Science Foundation and utilized equipment at the Kavli Nanoscience Institute.