Scientists have successfully observed the polarization of X-rays emitted by an active magnetar, 1E 1841-045, using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). The observations, made after the magnetar reactivated on August 20, 2024, confirm theoretical models regarding the extreme physics of these highly magnetized neutron stars.
Polarized light, in which electromagnetic waves oscillate with a specific orientation, offers key insights into the origin and environment of light. The IXPE data indicates that the X-ray emission from 1E 1841-045 becomes increasingly polarized at higher energy levels, while maintaining a consistent polarization angle.
Two studies detailing these observations have been published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. One study was led by Michela Rigoselli of INAF, with researchers from Italy and George Washington University. These findings mark the first time the polarization of an active magnetar has been observed, allowing scientists to refine emission mechanisms and geometries associated with active states. Researchers plan to observe 1E 1841-045 as it returns to a quiescent state to monitor the evolution of its polarimetric properties.