A recent study has confirmed that certain bacteria from Earth can survive in space for extended periods, raising important questions about planetary protection and the potential for microbial transfer during space exploration. The research, published in Microbiome, involved a team of scientists from Saudi Arabia, India, and NASA's Ames Research Center.
The study highlights the resilience of some microbial species, which have adapted to persist and even thrive in environments mimicking the harsh conditions of space. These conditions include exposure to radiation, vacuum, extreme temperature fluctuations, and the stresses of simulated Martian conditions.
Scientists analyzed the genetics of these resilient species and found they possess a complete set of survival tools. These include genes that repair DNA, combat radiation, and improve metabolism. Professor Alexandre Rosado from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), a participant in NASA's microbial defense program, noted that this work aims to understand the biological characteristics enabling these bacteria to survive on space-like surfaces and how their characteristics change when transferred to other planets.
Implications for Space Exploration and Biotechnology
The findings have significant implications for preventing the unintentional colonization of other planets during space missions. Understanding the mechanisms that allow these bacteria to survive could also lead to biotechnological innovations, such as advancements in food preservation, medicine, and industrial processes.