In April 2024, NASA scientists conducted an infrared study of Uranus' rings and atmosphere, utilizing a phenomenon known as stellar occultation.
A stellar occultation, which last occurred in 1996, involves observing a star as it passes behind a planet, allowing scientists to study the planet's rings and atmosphere by analyzing the changes in the star's light. The event on April 7th was visible from the Western United States, prompting NASA to prepare for detailed analysis.
A team from the Langley Research Center, led by scientist William Sunsdrum, employed 18 sensors to gather data during the occultation. By measuring light variations, the team can precisely define the edges of Uranus' rings and determine temperature and density profiles of Uranus' stratosphere.
Uranus, an ice giant located approximately 2 billion miles from Earth, is composed primarily of water, ammonia, and methane. Imke de Pater notes that studying gas and ice giants provides valuable insights into planet formation and habitability.
NASA anticipates that these new data will be valuable for future Uranus exploration missions. The agency hopes to observe another occultation by 2031, as Uranus continues its orbit, providing further opportunities for scientific study.