A recent study published in Science Advances by Cnr-Ismar and Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn uses an innovative approach to understand how oceans have responded to climate change over the past 25 years. The research focuses on the impact of these changes on microscopic marine organisms.
The study applies a climate model to 3D reconstructions based on observations to assess ocean health. It quantifies changes over the last 25 years and their effects on phytoplankton and other marine organisms.
Researchers examined six key physical components, including temperature, salinity, and ocean current energy, along with phytoplankton abundance. The study found that ocean responses to global warming affect water temperature, the hydrological cycle, and ocean currents. These changes also influence the exchange between shallow and deep ocean layers.
The warming of the sea surface is happening faster than previously estimated, at approximately 0.022 °C per year. Major marine current systems are shifting, intensifying vertical exchanges and altering deep ocean water renewal.
Changes in phytoplankton abundance were analyzed geographically, considering local physical factors. Machine learning techniques provided a solid foundation for studying climate change's impact on marine ecosystems, enhancing our understanding of ocean dynamics and plankton responses.
This knowledge can guide the development of more effective ocean monitoring strategies, such as optimizing autonomous observation systems and designing targeted observation campaigns. It will also help in creating innovative forecasting tools and defining better measures for marine ecosystem preservation.