Ten New Sponge Species Discovered in Hawaiian Reefs

Ten previously unknown species of marine sponge have been identified in the reefs off Hawaii. Researchers used a combination of genetic analysis and structural characteristics to distinguish the new species, highlighting the understudied nature of sponges despite their crucial role in coral reef ecosystems. The discoveries, detailed in *PeerJ* and *Zootaxa*, were made in Kāne'ohe Bay, which is abundant with patch reefs. Scientists used autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) to collect specimens, minimizing harm to the reef. The new species were named honoring the mo'olelo of Moku o Lo'e or the ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi. This finding underscores the importance of understanding sponge biodiversity for coral reef conservation, especially as these ecosystems face increasing threats.