A groundbreaking genetic study has reaffirmed Central Asia as the origin of roses, with China identified as a significant diversification center. The research, spearheaded by experts at Beijing Forestry University, delved into the genetic makeup of wild rose species and ancient cultivars to trace the evolutionary path of this beloved flower.
The study, published in the journal Nature Plants on April 4, 2025, indicates that the earliest rose likely possessed a homogenous yellow color, a single row of petals, and seven leaflets per branch. These characteristics are attributed to the common ancestor of the Rosa genus, belonging to the Rosaceae family.
Furthermore, the research pinpointed two primary diversity hotspots within China: the northwest, characterized by yellow roses adapted to arid climates, and the southwest, known for its white, fragrant flowers thriving in humid environments. Scientists underscore the importance of incorporating genetic resources from wild relatives to bolster disease and drought resistance in contemporary rose breeding, particularly in light of ongoing global climate change. This is especially crucial as modern roses face threats from fungal diseases, pests, and viruses like the rose rosette emaravirus.
The insights gained from this study could revolutionize rose breeding programs, enabling the development of more resilient and visually stunning rose varieties for the future.