Archaeologists have revealed Peñico (Pen-EE-ko), a 3,500-year-old city in Peru's northern Barranca province. The city provides new insights into ancient trade networks and urban development.
Located approximately 200 kilometers north of Lima, Peñico was founded between 1,800 and 1,500 BC, placing it in the same time period as early civilizations in the Middle East and Asia.
Situated 600 meters above sea level, Peñico served as a key trading hub, connecting the Pacific coast, the Andes, and the Amazon basin. This strategic location facilitated the exchange of goods and cultural interactions among different societies.
After eight years of research, archaeologists identified 18 structures within the city, including ceremonial temples and residential complexes. A central plaza features sculpted reliefs depicting "pututus," conch shell trumpets used for communication and ceremonies.
Artifacts found at Peñico include clay sculptures of human and animal figures, ceremonial objects, and necklaces made from beads and seashells, indicating a society with rich spiritual and cultural practices.
The discovery of Peñico provides valuable insights into ancient American civilizations, highlighting the role of trade and adaptation in shaping early urban life.
To celebrate this find, the first Peñico Raymi festival is scheduled for July 12, 2025. This traditional Andean celebration will feature cultural activities, including a ceremony honoring the goddess Pachamama (Mother Earth) and an arts festival.
Peñico is now open to the public, offering visitors a glimpse into ancient Peruvian civilization. The site has parking, a reception area, and an information center, allowing for an immersive educational experience.
This discovery underscores the rich archaeological heritage of Peru, highlighting its significance in understanding ancient societies.