Synchronous Fireflies Illuminate Congaree National Park: A Lottery-Based Spectacle

Every year, around mid-May, Congaree National Park becomes home to a unique natural phenomenon: synchronous fireflies. These fireflies, specifically *Photuris frontalis* (foh-TUR-iss fron-TAY-liss), also known as 'snappy single syncs,' flash in unison, creating a mesmerizing light show. The synchronous firefly viewing event takes place from May 14-21. Due to its popularity, viewing is available by lottery only. Jonathan Manchester, Public Information Officer at Congaree National Park, highlights the species' special nature, noting it is one of only three synchronous firefly species in North America. These fireflies prefer areas at the margins of floodplains or swamps. Congaree's unique habitat, with minimal light pollution, is crucial for their undisturbed display. While scientists know that fireflies flash to attract mates, the reason for their synchronization remains a mystery. Researchers have discovered a 'chimera state' in their synchronization, where some groups are fully synchronized while others are slightly out of sync. Only the male fireflies synchronize their flashes, while females respond from the undergrowth. The chemical reaction producing their glow involves luciferin, luciferase, oxygen, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), creating a cold light.