Antarctica - Antarctica, a land of icy vastness, conceals a network of volcanoes beneath its frozen surface. Scientists express concerns that climate change-driven ice melt could reactivate these dormant volcanoes.
Historical data indicates that the last significant melting event on Earth, occurring between 12,000 and 7,000 years ago, led to a two to six-fold increase in volcanic eruptions. This surge was attributed to the release of pressure on the Earth's mantle as glaciers melted, allowing magma to rise more easily.
Currently, Antarctica is exhibiting signs of stress, including intense heatwaves and significant ice loss. The possibility exists that we may be entering a new era of volcanic activity, reminiscent of past events.
Over 130 volcanoes have been identified in Antarctica, with a few, such as Mount Erebus, remaining active. Increased volcanic activity could release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, further exacerbating climate change. Additionally, eruptions may trigger tsunamis and pose threats to wildlife and research stations.
Research Director Virginie Pinel from the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development emphasizes the challenge of studying these phenomena, as volcanic systems evolve over thousands of years while climate change unfolds in decades.
The potential for under-ice volcanic eruptions raises alarms about significant ice sheet weakening, leading to massive ice calving events and rising sea levels. The release of volcanic gases could also amplify global warming.
Scientists advocate for intensified research to better understand the complex relationship between climate change and volcanic activity in Antarctica. This ongoing study is crucial for predicting future impacts on our planet.