A recent comprehensive survey in Ladakh, India, highlights the complex relationship between snow leopards and human populations. The study, published in PLOS One, reveals that a significant portion of Ladakh's snow leopard population coexists near human settlements.
Ladakh is home to approximately 477 snow leopards, representing two-thirds of India's total snow leopard population. The survey, covering 59,000 sq km, found snow leopard density varying between one and three individuals per 100 sq km. Hemis National Park boasts the highest concentration of snow leopards globally.
The study found that 60% of snow leopards in Ladakh live near human habitations. This coexistence is attributed to resource-rich grasslands and the region's unique cultural landscape. However, this proximity has led to increased conflict, particularly livestock predation.
During the Covid-19 lockdown, reduced human activity led to a surge in snow leopard-livestock conflicts. In 2020, nine cases were reported over two months, compared to just two the previous year. Six snow leopards were temporarily held at a rescue center due to livestock attacks.
The study also created a national photo library of snow leopards. This library will aid conservationists in monitoring poaching and trafficking. Researchers used artificial intelligence and perfume to photograph snow leopards' foreheads for identification purposes.
The presence of snow leopards correlated with wild prey, livestock, and rugged terrain. The study underscores the need for protecting habitats, promoting ecotourism, and reintroducing prey species. These measures are crucial for the long-term conservation of snow leopards in the region.