The Keeladi archaeological site, situated near Madurai in Tamil Nadu, has been the focus of extensive excavations since 2014, revealing significant insights into ancient Tamil civilization. The site, located along the Vaigai River, has unearthed numerous artifacts that shed light on the region's historical and cultural development.
In March 2023, the Keeladi Museum was inaugurated, showcasing over 15,000 artifacts discovered during the excavations. These artifacts include pottery, gold ornaments, and tools, offering a glimpse into the daily lives and technological capabilities of the ancient inhabitants. The museum also features Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions on potsherds, highlighting the prevalence of literacy and the script's longevity, which is a key element in tracing the evolution of the Tamil language.
In April 2023, Chief Minister M.K. Stalin inaugurated the ninth phase of excavations at Keeladi, which concluded in September 2023. During this phase, archaeologists unearthed a crystal quartz weighing unit, a terracotta snake figurine, and 26 burial urns containing carnelian beads. These findings provide further evidence of the site's significance as a thriving urban settlement during the Sangam Age.
Radiocarbon dating of samples from the excavations has placed the settlement's origins around the 6th century BCE, contemporaneous with the urbanization of the Gangetic plains. This dating aligns with descriptions in Sangam literature, confirming Keeladi as a lived experience of ancient Tamils. The discovery of artifacts such as inscribed potsherds and dice further links the site to Sangam literature, confirming it as a lived experience of ancient Tamils.
Despite the significant findings, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has requested revisions to the initial reports on the excavations, seeking more authentic data and clearer documentation. This request has sparked discussions regarding the interpretation and presentation of the site's historical significance.
The ongoing excavations at Keeladi continue to provide valuable insights into the ancient Tamil civilization, contributing to a deeper understanding of the region's rich cultural heritage.