India is often described as a linguistic civilization, characterized by its deep-rooted multilingualism. This acceptance of multiple languages is a continuous historical habit, leading to a philosophy where Indians are open to diverse beliefs and practices. This diversity is a defining feature of Indian society.
The ability to easily switch between languages, known as code-switching, is common in India. The impact of technology on language is also considered. While technological advancements like the advent of paper and television have influenced language, the response has always been linguistic. The potential impact of AI on language is a subject of concern, with studies suggesting a possible decline in language use.
The census data reveals a decline in the number of mother tongues, indicating language loss. However, there's also growth in languages that previously lacked written forms. Translation has played a crucial role in Indian literature, with many major texts being translations. The Indian consciousness is seen as a translating consciousness, with translation being a natural part of the culture.
Oral traditions and the influence of English are also discussed. While English brings in new words, the core structure of Indian languages remains intact. The role of the state in language revitalization is also examined. States, historically, have not been the primary drivers of language growth or decline. Language is a democratic system, shaped by its users.