David Bueno, a doctor in Biology and specialist in neuroeducation, emphasizes that in any group of students, some will learn without teacher intervention, while others will require varying levels of assistance. He asserts, 'educating is changing the brain,' and in his book 'Educa tu cerebro' (Grijalbo), he argues that 'the intelligence of students is not a static value, but can be increased or weakened.'
Bueno humorously notes that outstanding students often learn 'despite having teachers.' Experienced educators can identify these students by their demeanor. Some will succeed easily, while others will need more support.
He critiques the relevance of intelligence tests, stating that while the intelligence quotient (IQ) was once a popular measure, it is no longer sufficient. The 'Flynn effect' refers to the rise and subsequent decline of IQ scores, indicating a shift in the understanding of intelligence towards more holistic paradigms, including emotional management.
Bueno argues that multiple intelligences, a concept introduced by psychologist Howard Gardner in 1983, is a neuromyth. He clarifies that there is only one intelligence, which operates in various facets simultaneously.
Addressing students who struggle academically, Bueno poses the question of whether the goal is to achieve high grades or to empower them to set and reach personal objectives. He suggests that while most students can pass their educational levels, some may need alternative academic paths.
He discusses the concepts of 'growth mindset' and 'fixed mindset,' as proposed by psychologist Carol Dweck, noting that individuals can improve their skills and develop new talents. A growth mindset fosters optimism and intrinsic motivation.
To instill a growth mindset in students, Bueno advises using supportive language. Instead of criticizing mistakes, educators should encourage improvement.
He highlights the 'Pygmalion effect,' where teachers' expectations influence student performance. A student's sense of security can enhance their motivation and effort.
Finally, Bueno encourages teachers to maintain confidence in all students, as their beliefs can significantly impact students' outcomes.