A groundbreaking study from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden confirms that the human brain continues to produce new neurons, a process called neurogenesis, throughout adulthood. This discovery offers crucial insights into brain function and aging, potentially paving the way for treatments for neurological disorders.
The research, published in the journal *Science*, addresses a long-standing debate about the brain's ability to generate new neurons in adulthood. Jonas Frisén, a professor at the Karolinska Institute, highlighted the significance of the findings, stating that it "provides an important piece of the puzzle for understanding how the human brain works and changes throughout life."
The hippocampus, a brain region vital for learning, memory, and emotional regulation, was the focus of this study. Researchers examined brain tissue from individuals aged 0 to 78 years, using advanced techniques like single-nucleus RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. These methods allowed them to identify different stages of neuronal development, from stem cells to immature neurons.
The results revealed that adult neuronal progenitors are similar to those found in other mammals, such as mice, pigs, and monkeys, although there are some differences in the active genes. Moreover, significant variations were observed between individuals; some adults had many neural progenitor cells, while others had very few.
This research not only advances our understanding of neurogenesis in the adult brain but also has implications for developing regenerative treatments. These treatments could potentially stimulate the formation of new neurons in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This could lead to new therapies for conditions like Alzheimer's disease and depression.
This scientific advancement opens new perspectives on understanding how the human brain functions and changes throughout life. It could be fundamental for developing therapies that promote neuronal regeneration in various pathologies. This research offers hope for future treatments and a deeper understanding of the brain's remarkable plasticity.